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CD16 (FCGR3A) is a 50-65 kDa cell surface molecule that exists in two forms - a transmembranous form expressed by NK cells and some T cells, and a phosphatidylinositol linked form expressed by granulocytes. CD16 is a low affinity receptor for IgG (FcR III), and is an important receptor mediating ADCC by NK cells. Human CD16 is expressed in two forms – FCGR3A and FCGR3B. FCGR3A is associated with the FcepsilonRI-gamma subunit and is responsible for antibody-dependent NK cell cytotoxicity. Mast cell FCGR3A is associated, with FcepsilonRI-beta subunit. Besides IgG, FCGR3A can be triggered also by oligomeric IgE. FCGR3B is a GPI-linked monomeric receptor expressed on neutrophils and is involved in their activation and induction of a pro-adhesive phenotype. Diseases associated with CD16 dysfunction include immunodeficiency 20 and systemic lupus erythematosus.
