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Calcineurin is a Ca2 /calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase. The active enzyme is a heterodimer of a large calmodulin-binding catalytic subunit A (61kDa) and a smaller Ca2 binding subunit B (19kDa). Regions corresponding to the calmodulin-binding site, an autoinhibitory domain, and a putative subunit B binding site have been identified within the large subunit A. The activity of calcineurin is sensitive to immunosuppressants such as cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506). The study of FK506-mediated inhibition of nitric oxide formation has revealed that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a calcineurin substrate. Calcineurin dephosphorylates NOS and enhances its catalytic activity. Therefore, Calcineurin is an essential mediator for efficient T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-mediated T cell activation.Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blotting
